Teoría del Estado

Leer tres libros seriamente, decía Manuel Martínez Pedroso, ex-rector de la Universidad de Sevilla, según Carlos Fuentes.

1. La República, de Platón.
2. El Príncipe, de Maquiavelo.
3. El contrato social, de Rosseau.

Viking Prayer

Lo, there do I see my father.
Lo, there do I see my mother,
and my sisters, and my brothers.
Lo, there do I see the line of my people,
Back to the beginning

Lo, they do call to me.
They bid me take my place among them,
In the halls of Valhalla,
Where the brave may live forever!

Seis niñas ahogadas en una gota de agua

• Pita Amor.
• Guadalupe Dueñas.
• Rosario Castellanos.
• Amparo Dávila.
• Inés Arredondo.
• Elena Garro.

Génesis de la LOPPE

El presidente José López Portillo y su secretario de Gobernación, Jesús Reyes Heroles, convocaron en 1977 a una serie de audiencias para discutir propuestas sobre la reforma política. 

Numeralia:

• 12 sesiones.
• 15 organizaciones políticas (partidos con y sin registro),
• 25 personas a título individual.
• 3 instituciones académicas.
• 2 objetivos centrales: 
• Ofrecer un cauce para la integración a la vida institucional a aquellos partidos a los que se mantenía artificialmente marginados (el llamado registro condicionado)
• Modificar la fórmula de integración de la Cámara de Diputados para multiplicar la presencia de las corrientes minoritarias y atemperar la sobre y la sub representación de los partidos con la fórmula mixta de 300 uninominales y 100 plurinominales.

Referencias:

• José René Fiesco Martínez. La reforma electoral de 1977: las audiencias y los debates. 2011.

Ilustrando la historia

• Angus McBride (Londres, 1931 - Irlanda, 2007).
• Peter Conolly (Londres, 1935 - Spalding, 2012).
• Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau (Barcelona, 1964).
• Radu Oltean (Bucarest, 1970).
• Sergio Sandoval Martínez (Barcelona, 1975).
• José Daniel Cabera Peña (Granada).

Operational Art

Intro.

The strategy-tactics-operations triad represents a hierarchical framework for planning and execution, commonly used in military and business contexts to link high-level goals with on-the-ground actions. Wars are won, or lost, at the strategic and operational levels, not at the tactical one. 

The neglect of operational art had highly negative consequences:

• British in Norway in 1940,
• British in Greece and Crete in 1941.
• The 1941-42 Allied losses in Southeast Asia,
• The japanese defeat in the Pacific War of 1941-45.
• The June 1942 Battle of Midway.
• The US conduction of the Vietnam War.

A bridge. 

The operational art is concerned with planning, preparing, and conducting major operations and campaigns. Operational art links maritime strategy and naval tactics. Operational thinking, a broad vision, a perspective of all military and nonmilitary aspects of the situation in a given theater, to reduce complexities of the situation to their essentials, to connect disparate events and actions to create an operational picture of the situation, to anticipate reactions and counteract actions to achieve the end state.

Do not micromanage.

It is essential to extend the knowledge and the practice of initiative of the subordinates principle and in application until they are universal in the exercise of command throughout all the echelons of command.

Don't interfere in the responsabilities of flag officers. Don't press your combat commanders for information while an operation is in progress.

—Admiral Ernest J. King.

State what you want to accomplish and why, give certain timelines and a broad idea of what the operation would consist of. However, allow your fleet commanders full freedom of action as to how to accomplish their assigned objective. 

—Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.

I have always hesitated to sit in judgment of the responsible man on the spot, unless it was obvious to me at the time he was making a grave error in judgment. Even in that case I wanted to hear his side of the matter before I made any final judgment.

A man's judgment is best when he can forget himself and any reputation he may have acquired and can concentrate wholly on making the right decisions.

—Admiral Raymond A. Spruance.

Learn to think operationally. 

Through sustained and systematic efforts to think broadly and far ahead of current events. Result of the dynamic interplay of political, societal, and cultural studies.

Direct experience: 

• War.
• Large-scale exercises and maneuvers.

Indirect experience:

• Theory.
• Military and naval history.
• Foreign policy.
• Geopolitics.
• International economics.

Source:

• Milan Vego. Thinking Between Strategy and Tactics. 2012.

Primo Levi

Primo Levi (Torino, 1919 - 1987)

1947. Se questo è un uomo.
1963. La tregua.
1986. I sommersi e i salvati

Peaky Blinders wisdom III

1. You can’t change who you are, but you can damn well change what you do.
2. There’s no such thing as a lost cause. Just causes worth fighting for.
3. You have to be willing to get your hands dirty if you want to clean up the mess.
4. You can’t build an empire without breaking a few hearts.
5. Life’s a game, and the only way to win is to play dirty.
6. The only thing standing between you and success is yourself.
7. You don’t have to like the game, but you damn well better know how to play it.
8. In this world, you’re either the hunter or the hunted.
9. There’s no such thing as a free lunch. Someone always pays.
10. You have to be willing to take risks if you want to reap the rewards.
11. The only thing more powerful than fear is hope.
12. The only thing that matters in the end is who’s still standing.
13. You can’t change who you are, but you can damn well change what you do.
14. The only thing that matters in the end is who’s still standing.
15. You can’t rewrite history, but you can damn well try.
16. The world is full of liars and cheats. You have to be smarter than them to get ahead.
17. There’s no such thing as luck. There’s only fate, and fate favors the bold.
18. Life’s too short to play it safe.
19. The only thing worse than failure is not trying at all.
20. You have to be willing to sacrifice everything for what you believe in.
21. You can’t save everyone, but you can damn well try.
22. The world is a cruel place, but it’s only as cruel as you let it be.
23. The only thing worse than a bad plan is no plan at all.
24. when you're dead already, you're free.

Manual de Carreño

Manuel Antonio Carreño. Edición de 1865.

Deberes morales del hombre:

1. Los deberes con Dios.
2. Los deberes con la sociedad.
3. Los deberes con nosotros mismos.

Normas de urbanidad:

1. Principios generales.
2. Del aseo.
3. Dentro de casa.
4. Fuera de casa.
5. Con la sociedad.
6. Aplicaciones de la urbanidad.

Entrenamiento con martillo

1. Pistola. Sentadilla en apoyo monopodálico y manteniendo la pierna extendida al frente. Durante la flexión, la proyección de la rodilla no debe exceder la huella del pie, mantenga la mano sobre el Hammer Crossfit que se inclinará siguiendo el movimiento.
2. Rotación. Sosteniendo el marro con las dos manos, gira y golpea la pared con el martillo. Vuelve a la posición frontal y repite el movimiento.
3. Lunge lateral. Manteniendo el marro sobre tus hombros, haz un estiramiento lateral y vuelve a la posición inicial. Las manos descansan sobre el martillo.
4. Volantín. Sosteniendo el marro con las dos manos, levante el martillo, gire los brazos detrás de la cabeza de derecha a izquierda y viceversa para ejercitar la espalda y los brazos.
5. Marrazo. Con las 2 manos levante y golpee el suelo. 
6. Cuclillas. Sosteniendo el marro con las dos manos, ponte en cuclillas, soltando el cabezal. Regresa a una posición vertical colocando las manos sobre el martillo nuevamente.
7. Lunge + rotación de pecho. Sostén la marro con las dos manos, realiza el lunga al tiempo que realizas una rotación hacia la pierna que se extiende. Vuelve a la posición de pie.
8. Lunge de espalda. Realiza el lunge dejando que el martillo balanceé a uno y otro lado.
9. Sentadilla + lanzamiento. Sosteniendo Hammer Crossfit con las dos manos, al nivel de los hombros, agáchese, luego levántese y arroje el martillo hacia arriba. Recójalo y realice una nueva sentadilla.
10. Pistola + flexión. Sosteniendo Hammer Crossfit con las dos manos, a la altura de los hombros, extiende una pierna hacia adelante, levanta el martillo tratando de mantener el equilibrio.
11. Sentadilla y cambio de manos. Sosteniendo Hammer Crossfit con las dos manos, ponte en cuclillas, vuelve a la posición de pie e intercambia las manos. Ponerse en cuclillas de nuevo.
12. Atrapar y levantar. Mientras está acostado boca arriba, lance Hammer Crossfit hacia arriba, manteniendo su agarre en el eje. También realice con el otro brazo.

Referencia:

• Elksport.

5 Ejercicios Shinobi

Una mente espartana.

1. Saltos explosivos. 4x12.
2. Flexiones con desplazamiento lateral. 4x10.
3. Caminata con agachadas. 4x20 pasos.
4. Equilibrio sobre una pierna. 4x30s.
5. Escalada con cuerda. 4x10.

La conquista de México

• Las cartas de relación. Hernán Cortés.
• La Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España. Bernal Díaz del Castillo.
• La Conquista de México. Francisco López de Gómara.
• History of the Conquest of Mexico. William H. Prescott.
• Conquest: Montezuma, Cortés, and the Fall of Old Mexico. Hugh Thomas.

The Pomodoro Technique

 

The Pomodoro Technique. Roberts, Johnny. 2023.

The Pomodoro Technique was developed in the late 1980s by Francesco Cirillo, an Italian university student. The idea behind the strategy is to divide work into digestible chunks, usually lasting 25 minutes each, and then take little rests in between.

• You may train your mind to concentrate deeply and produce higher-quality work faster by dedicating a specific amount of time to a particular job. 
• It helps users to more precisely estimate the amount of time needed for jobs
• Tasks become less daunting when broken down into reasonable periods
• Work on no more than one chore until the timer sounded
• Breaking up work into smaller chunks and including pauses, the method helps people better utilize their cognitive resources and is in line with the brain's innate ability to focus.

Plan: Select a Task

Determining a precise job helps set the stage for a fruitful Pomodoro session. Develop a Successful Strategy. Spend a few minutes organizing the Pomodoro sessions. Start the day with a brief Pomodoro session. Divide Tasks: Break up big jobs into smaller, more doable parts. Begin with a picture of delight of finishing a task.

Set the Timer

Try out various durations to see what suits you best. Finding the perfect Pomodoro time is a personal quest. Shorter intervals could be better for routine, simple work, whereas longer Pomodoros might be needed for more complex undertakings in order to focus deeply and make progress. Gradually increase the Pomodoro length from shorter starts. Keep in mind that flexibility is essential. Prioritize activities during concentrated work times. Effort and focus are put on the most important activities.

Immerse Yourself

Give Your Whole Attention to the Task. Create a zone free from distractions. Reduce the amount of distractions. If random ideas or chores come to mind, immediately scribble them down on paper so you can deal with them later. Reduce Interruptions. Concentrate. Tip: Apply the 2-Minute Rule. Deal with a distraction right away if resolving it will take less than two minutes. If not, write it down at a later time.

The Flow Pomodoro. Going longer than the customary 25 minutes. Take longer breaks. One hour to 30 to 45 minutes so that you may delve deeper into challenging topics.

Kanban. To-Do, Doing, and Done tasks should be arranged on a Kanban board. Graphic method of tracking.

Take a Break

Pause. Mind-Rejuvenation. See what helps you focus and get back on track. 

Repeat or Reflect

Document. The Record phase begins once a set of Pomodoros is finished. Keep a Pomodoro notebook to show your productivity on a daily and weekly basis. Spend a few minutes at the end of each day thinking back on your Pomodoro sessions. Set aside time for a longer review every week. Examine your advancement. Evaluate your development.

SERE

Protocolo SERE.

1. Sobrevive.
2. Evade.
3. Resiste.
4. Escapa.

• 3 minutos sin aire.
• 3 horas sin refugio.
• 3 días sin agua.
• 3 semanas sin comida.

El hombre de Wajda

Andrzej Wajda (1926 - 2016).

1. Człowiek z marmuru. El hombre de mármol. 1977.
2. Człowiek z żelaza. El hombre de hierro. 1981.
3. Człowiek z nadziei. Walesa. 2013.

Numeralia sobre huachicol fiscal

Para marzo de 2025, México solo cubrió el 40.1% de la demanda de gasolina y 61% de diésel en producción local, de acuerdo con los últimos datos de la Secretaría de Energía (SENER), analizados por PETROIntelligence.

El huachicol fiscal es la comercialización e importación de combustibles, principalmente gasolina y diésel, que se hace pasar por otro tipo de hidrocarburos para no pagar los impuestos correspondientes, principalmente el Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios (IEPS) y el de Valor Agregado (IVA).

El huachicol fiscal es una fuga de ingresos al fisco de hasta 525 mil millones de pesos anuales, según estimaciones del Sistema de Administración Tributaria (SAT).

Una de la formas más frecuentes del huachicol fiscal es la que se hace pasar por lubricante. En 2021, hubo un incremento de 79% en la importación de este tipo de sustancias sobre la demanda legítima, de acuerdo con un informe de la Secretaria de Hacienda en 2022.

En 2023, la Asociación Mexicana de Proveedores de Estaciones de Servicios (AMPES) compartió la estimación de la existencia de 22 mil puntos irregulares de autoconsumo, en comparación con las 13 mil 823 estaciones con permisos vigentes. Es decir, hay 1.6 puntos de venta ilegal por cada gasolinera regulada.

Sledgehammer workout

1. Overhead swing. Taking the hammer in both hands bring it around your back and down straight over your head. The action is similar to that of chopping wood with an axe, including the twisting motion to bring the hammer around your back, completing the full arching movement. Begin with 10- 20 reps.
2. Diagonal swing (or tree chop). Come diagonally from over one shoulder (while using both hands) across your body. This means that one side will bear the force more than the other so you should either alternate swinging sides.Do 10 on one side and then the same on the other.
3. Sledgehammer squats. Starting in the squatting position with the hammer in front of you, drive with your legs as if standing from a squat and raise the hammer, bringing it down again with a chopping action. Excellent for your core and legs as well as your rotator cuffs, arms and back.
4. Sledgehammer lunges. A controlled, slow movement as you bring the sledgehammer across and down as you would with a paddle when rowing and lunging.
5. Side chop. Side chops come around from your side as opposed to over from behind, and therefore puts your abs – especially your obliques – to work, not to mention your hips.
6. One arm swing. The standard swing involves a two- armed grip, but by taking the sledgehammer in one hand, bring it down either straight from overhead or across in a diagonal slash.
7. Balancing. Standing on one leg at a time, performing slow side-to-side swings that more resemble slow paddles that the abrupt movements of the overhead chops.

Stockholm 6 points

The 1984 Stockholm Conference on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (CDE) aimed to enhance security and stability in Europe by fostering transparency and predictability in military activities. It involved the United States, Canada, and 33 European nations. 

NATO formally presented a six-point proposal on preventing an accidental war:

1. Exchange of information about military forces.
2. Forecasting military activities.
3. Notifying exercises.
4. Observation of military activities.
5. On-site inspections.
6. Improving communication.

Peaky Blinders wisdom II

• Violence isn’t always the answer, but it’s usually a good place to start.
• The only thing more dangerous than a desperate man is a man who has nothing to lose.
• Opportunity knocks, but sometimes you have to break down the door.
• Every man has his demons. It’s how he deals with them that defines him.
• The world is full of wolves, and you have to be one of them to survive.
• There’s no honor among thieves, but there’s plenty of profit.
• It’s not about the money. It’s about the power that comes with it.
• Life’s a gamble. You can’t win if you don’t play.
• There’s no such thing as a fair fight. Only winners and losers.
• You can’t build an empire without breaking a few rules.
• It’s not the size of the dog in the fight, it’s the size of the fight in the dog.
• Death is the only certainty in life. Everything else is up for grabs.
• Success is measured by how far you’ve come, not by how far you have to go.
• The road to hell is paved with good intentions.
• A man’s word is his bond, but only if he’s strong enough to keep it.
• The higher you climb, the harder you fall.
• When you’re in a position of power, everyone wants a piece of you.
• Strength comes from within, but it’s tested by what’s outside.
• The world is a chessboard, and we’re all just pawns in the game.
• Every man has his breaking point. It’s just a matter of finding it.
• You don’t choose the family you’re born into, but you choose the family you make.
• You have to be willing to do whatever it takes to survive.
• Life’s not fair, but it’s a lot easier when you’re on top.
• There’s no room for weakness in this world.

La ternura

Era nuestro perro, y era la ternura,
esa que perdemos cada día más.

—Alberto Cortez

Etimologías

Planeta. Planētēs (πλανήτης), derivado del verbo planasthai (πλανάσθαι), que significa vagar o errar. Estrella errante.

Estrella. Del latín stella, deriva del protoindoeuropeo *h₂stḗr. Cuerpo celeste luminoso.

Sanatorio. Del latín tardío sanatorium, derivado del latín clásico sanare, que significa curar o sanar. Lugar destinado a la curación o sanación.

Sanitario. Del latín sanitarius, que a su vez deriva de sanitas (salud) y -arius (relación o pertenencia). Relativo a la salud o perteneciente a la sanidad.

Insurgente. Prefijo in- (hacia dentro), sub- (de abajo a una superficie más alta), rectus (derecho), más el sufijo -nte (agente). El que se levanta contra las autoridades.

Insurrecto. Prefijo in- (hacia dentro), sub (de abajo a una superficie más alta), regere (enderezar, rectificar, regir), más el sufijo -to (que ha recibido la acción). Levantado contra las autoridades.

Circle of Life

2018/05?		Miau
2019/03/15		Negro
2019/03/15		Muñeca
2019/03/15		Muñeco
2019/03/15		Tontín
2019/08/15	19:07	Flaca
2019/08/15	19:56	Colorina
2019/08/15	22.24	Pinto
2019/08/15	01:00	Benito
m
m

Orpheus

Jean Cocteau (1889 - 1963)

1. La sangre de un poeta (1932)
2. Orfeo (1950)
3. El testamento de Orfeo (1960)

Undo the Damage of Sitting

1. Leg Swings. Forward leg swings followed by side-to-side swings. Perform 20 swings of each variant on each leg.
2. Grok Squat. Simply squat down until your butt touches your ankles. Hold that position for 30-60 seconds. You should feel your hamstrings, quads, Achilles tendons, lower back, and groin gently stretching.
3. Table Pigeon Pose. Start by placing your leg on a tabletop with the knee bent at 90 degrees. Lean forward and hold for 60-90 seconds. Then lean left to the 10 o’clock position and hold for 60-90 seconds. Lean right to the 2 o’clock position and hold for 60-90 seconds. Repeat on the other leg.
4. Couch Stretch. Put your knee against a wall. Place the foot of your other leg on the floor. Slowly raise your torso to a neutral spine position (i.e. standing straight and tall). As you raise your torso, squeeze your butt and abs. Hold the position for up to four minutes. Switch and repeat on the other leg. You should feel things really stretch in your hip flexor area — just don’t push yourself too hard.
5. Barbell Bridges. Lay on the ground with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Raise your waist off the ground while squeezing your glutes until your hips are aligned with your body. Return to the starting position, and complete three sets of 10 reps.
6. Clamshells. Lay on your right side with your hips and knees bent at 45 degrees. Keeping your feet together, raise your upper knee as high as you can without moving your pelvis. Don’t allow your lower leg to move off the floor. Return to a starting position. Do 20 reps on one side and then repeat on the other side. Perform three sets one to two times a week.
7. Fire Hydrants. Get down on your hands and knees with your palms flat on the floor and your arms shoulder-width apart. Maintain a straight, neutral spine and slowly raise your right leg out to the side as high as you can while keeping it bent, just like a dog would. Lower and repeat 15 times. Repeat with the other leg. Do two to three sets once or twice a week. For added glute activation, extend your leg straight after you’ve lifted it up.

Referencia:

• The Art of Manliness

bicicleta o alquiler

El efecto McGurk es un fenómeno perceptivo que demuestra una interacción entre la audición y la visión. La ilusión se produce cuando el componente auditivo de un sonido está emparejado con un componente visual de otro sonido, dando lugar a la percepción de un tercer sonido.​

Fue descrito por primera vez en 1976 en un artículo de Harry McGurk y John MacDonald, titulado Escuchar los labios y ver las voces, en Nature (23 de diciembre de 1976).​ Este efecto se descubrió por accidente cuando McGurk y su asistente de investigación, MacDonald, le pidieron a un técnico que grabara un video con un fonema diferente del que hablaba mientras conducía un estudio sobre cómo los bebés perciben el lenguaje. Cuando se reprodujo el video, ambos investigadores escucharon un tercer fonema en lugar del que se articuló en el video.